ぶんで かざる
Describe a noun with a whole sentence
The describing sentence goes IN FRONT of the noun — no “who / which / that”.
すんでいる まち
Inside the description it's the plain form (Phase H) — never ます.
のんでいる ひと
The subject inside the description takes が, not は.
わたしが すんでいる まち
とうきょうに すんでいる ともだちです。
See? The description comes first, then the noun.
ぶんが まえ
This is the unit that makes real Japanese readable. English says “a friend who lives in Tokyo” — description after. Japanese says とうきょうに すんでいる ともだち — the whole describing sentence first, then the noun. 🔊 Tap to hear.
English puts the description AFTER the noun (“a friend who lives in Tokyo”). Japanese flips it: the whole describing sentence comes FIRST, then the noun. There is no “who / which / that” — the position does that job. The verb inside stays in the plain form.
なかは が
One rule to guard: inside the describing sentence, the subject is marked with が — never は. You met this idea in Phase J: は belongs to the whole sentence, not to a little description inside it.
Inside the describing sentence, the subject takes が — never は. は marks the topic of the WHOLE sentence, so it can’t live inside a little describing sentence. わたしは まちに すんでいます。(full sentence) → わたしが すんでいる まち (description)
クイズ
Six describing sentences — choose the right particle for the inside. Remember: inner subject = が.
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