の・と・も
Linking words & “also”
Possession, origin, and group — “A’s B”.
わたしの ほん = my book
Joins nouns, and marks who you do it with.
ともだちと いきます
Replaces は・が・を — it doesn’t stack on them.
わたしも すきです
これは だれの ほん？
わたしの ほんです。
の
のlinks two nouns. Most often it's possession (A の B = “A’s B”), but it also shows where something is from (にほんの くるま) and which group someone belongs to (かいしゃの しゃいん, だいがくの がくせい). 🔊 Tap to hear.
の links two nouns and tells you how B relates to A. Most often it’s possession (“A’s B”), but it also marks where something is FROM (a country’s product) or which GROUP someone belongs to (a company’s staff, a school’s student).
と
と joins nouns like “and” (A と B), and also marks the person you do something with. 🔊 Tap to hear.
と joins nouns like “and” (A と B), and also marks the person you do something WITH.
も
も means “also / too”. Important: it replaces は・が・を— it doesn't stack on top of them. 🔊 Tap to hear.
も means “also / too”. It REPLACES は, が or を — never stacks on top of them.
Phase J まとめ
The big one: choose the right particle from everything in Phase J — は・が・を・に・で・の・と・も. Read the English and pick by meaning.
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